Internal structures of the nose, nasopharynx, Eustachian tube entrance, base of tongue, oropharynx, larynx, vocal cords, and hypopharynx (esophagus entrance) can be examined internally (endoscopic) wh
Hans von Leden, one of the founders of modern laryngology, first used the term ‘phonosurgery’ in 1963 to describe processes that alter voice quality and pitch.
